| 同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况 二. 重点、难点 虚拟语气是通过一些谓语动词的特殊形式表达的，虚拟语气在条件状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、定语从句中均有应用。本讲中打破了以往语法书的讲解规则，将虚拟语气的主要应用分为七类，便于记忆和运用。 三. 具体内容 1. wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构。 时间 | 从句虚拟语气结构 | 表示现在 不能实现 | 一般过去式（be动词用were） | 表示过去 不能实现 | had done 或 could/would have done | 表示将来 不能实现 | would/could do |
例句： I wish all of you could enter a good university . 我希望你们每一个人都能考上好大学。 I wish I were as young as you . 我真希望自己和你们一样年轻。 2. If或supposing 引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气结构 时间 | 从句虚拟语气结构 | 表示对现在的虚拟 | 一般过去式（be动词用were） | 表示对过去的虚拟 | Had done | 表示对将来的虚拟 | Should do 或 were to do |
主句虚拟语气结构 | Would/could /should/might do | Would/could/should/might have done | Would/could/should/might do |
注： （1）从句和主句可以根据时间选择不同的虚拟语气结构 （2）从句中的虚拟语气结构可以使用倒装，去掉if，用were , had , should代替if。 （3）其他由as if , as though , even if , even though , if only引导的状语从句或表语从句中，都使用由if引导的从句虚拟语气结构。 例句： If you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t have failed . 如果你好好复习，你就不会不及格了。 Supposing you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t regret now . 如果你好好复习了，现在就不会后悔。 Were I you , I wouldn’t waste the time . 如果我是你，我就不浪费时间。 He looks as if he had known the secret. 他看上去好像知道了那个秘密。 Even if our teacher were here, she couldn’t solve the problem. 即便老师在，也解决不了这个问题。 If only I hadn’t wasted the time in high school. 要是上高中时没有荒废时间就好了。 3. 一些特殊的动词suggest , command , demand , desire , insist , order , propose , request , require , arrange后的宾语从句中谓语动词用should do的形式，should 可以省略。 注：其中suggest, insist等词，如果表示的是暗示或强调而非建议或命令时，应使用真实语气。 例句： I suggested that you read a passage every day. 我建议大家每天读一篇文章。 The doctor ordered that she should stay at home for at least one week . 医生要求他至少在家休息一周时间。 She insisted that I was wrong . 她非说是我错了。 4. 还有一些表示建议或意见的名词suggestion , command d, proposal , plan order, request , idea , advice等词后，使用同位语从句或表语从句，从句谓语动词用should do的形式，should可省略。 注：定语从句中不使用虚拟语气结构。 例句： My idea is that we should finish the homework first. 我的想法是咱们应该先写完作业。 We agreed on the suggestion that he gave at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上提出的建议。 5. 一些特殊的形容词suggested , desired , decided , ordered , requested , proposed等，出现在主句中，所带的主语从句中谓语动词用should do , should可以省略掉。同样的用法还有一些形容词，如necessary , important , natural , strange等。 例句： It will be desired that she should finish her work this afternoon . 希望她今天下午能完成工作。 It is important that we should hold the 2008 Olympics well . 我们把2008年奥运会举办圆满是很重要的。 6. 还有一些特殊句型可以使用虚拟语气结构。 （1）It’s（high）time / for sb. to do that / 一般过去式 should do（should 不可省） 到了该……的时间了。 （2）would rather / do that / 一般过去式 should do （should 不可省略） 最好……；更愿意…… 例句： It’s time that I should pick up my little daughter. 我该去接我小女儿了。 I would rather you went with us. 我更愿意你和我们一起走。 7. 一些特殊短语，相当于虚拟语气的条件句。 例如： Without electricity, what would the world be like? 相当于If there were no electricity , 如果没有电，世界会是什么样子？ But for your help , I couldn’t have pass the examination . 相当于If there hadn’t been your help , 如果不是你的帮助，我考试不会及格的。 【典型例题】 [例1] ―If he _____ , he _____ that food . ―Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately . A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken 答案：B 解析：通过答句中的he was sent to the hospital immediately我们可以看出是对过去事实的虚拟，故选Ｂ。 [例2] I wish I ____ you yesterday . A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 答案：C 解析：通过句中的yesterday可以看出宾语从句中是对过去的虚拟。 [例3] But for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday . A. could have climbed B. could climb C. climbed D. had climbed 答案：案A 解析：通过句中的yesterday我们再一次得出是对过去的虚拟，但这道题还要注意but for the snow , 相当于if there hadn’t been snow，后面是主句对过去的虚拟，应选用主句中的虚拟语气结构。 [例4] He suggested that the meeting _____ put off . A. not be B. should not C. wouldn’t D. be not 答案：A 解析：suggest在句中表示建议，宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气should do的结构中should可以省略，但是要注意put off要使用被动语态。 [例5] It’s high time he _____ home . A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 答案：B 解析：it’s high time的句子结构带定语从句是应使用一般过去式或should do的形式。 【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟） 1. ―Could I leave the book here ? ―I would rather you ____ the book with you . A. take B. took C. would take D. will take 2. Galileo insisted that the earth ____ round the sun . A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B 3. ____ you known the truth, you should have told him . A. Have B. Had C. Having D. If 4. If only I _____ to my teacher ! A. listening pB. listen C. am listening D. had listened 5. If you had gone to a doctor , you _____ all right now . A. are B. were C. would have been D. would be 6. Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. don’t do C. didn’t do D. will not do 7.After the way she treated you, if I ______ in your place. A. be B. am C. was D. were 8.The idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. A. sent B. sends C. send D. must send 9.It’s high time you ______. A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work 10. “If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I ______ able to play so well now.” A. wouldn’t be B. won’t be C. wouldn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 11. It is imperative that you ______ there in person. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 12. The atomic structure is, ______, a miniature solar system. A. as it were B. as if they were C. as it were D. as if are 13. We required that the machine parts ______ cast iron. A. is made of B. be made from C. be made of D. is made by 14. The management urged that the cost of production ______. A. to be further reduced B. was further reduced C. be further reduced D. should further reduced 15. The business is risky. But ______ we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed 16. I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet. A. isn’t going B. weren’t going C. will not going D. could have gone 17. I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night. A. went B. did go C. could go D. could have gone 18. I’d rather ______ rudely to her. A. that you won’t speak B. your not speaking C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak 19. If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacation in a very different way. A. should live…would spend B. will live ...should spend C. are living … should have spent D. will be living…would have spent 20. It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary. A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil 21. His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program. A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning 22. We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution. A. is fully discussed B. must be fully discussed C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed 23. What do you think of his proposal that improvements ______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? A. be made B. will be made C. would be made D. will have to be made 24. The doctor’s advice is that the patient ______ about his real physical condition. A. be not told B. not be told C. will not be told D. must not be told 25. ______,we could not have finished the work on time. A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their help C. Should they offer to help us D. But for their help 26. If we had been more careful, we ______ much better results now. A. got B. had got C. would be getting D. would have got 27. Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past. A. would be B. is C. will be D. was 28. They thought it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness. A. stands B. stand C. stood D. would stand 29. All science students, ______, should have a good foundation in basic sciences. A. whether they are future physicists and chemists B. they are future physicists of chemists C. they should be future physicists of chemists D. be they future physicists or chemists 30. Sally can’t have written tome, or ______ the letter by now. A. I’ll get B. I’ll have got C. I’d have got D. I’d get
【试题答案】 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C | 